Belgian literature has historically been split between the Dutch speaking Flanders and the French speaking Wallonia. Early Medieval writers included the likes of Jean Froissart, a French speaking chronicler whose works provide valuable insight of the Hundred Years War.

In the Renaissance and Baroque periods themes of Humanism and Reformation flourished in the form of religious writings. In this period the famed Flemish philologist Justus Lipsius wrote extensively in Latin. 

In the 19th century Romanticism and Realism dominated with Belgium’s “National Awakening” after their independence in 1830. Writers like Hendrik Conscience, often referred to as the father of Flemish literature, and Charles De Coster paved the way for the future of Belgium literature. 

Early 20th century lit is defined by heavy use of symbolism, and a more modernist approach to writing. During this period, Belgium literature became known for having an emphasis on psychological depth and stylistic innovation. Georges Simenon, born in 1903, became a prolific writer of fictional detective novels during this time.

Like many of the countries in Europe, their modern literary era starts with the end of World War II, which for many people is the defining line of a large cultural shift where citizens had less faith in government, war became less glorified, and the horrific power of modern weaponry became apparent. 

Due to the mix between French and Flemish languages, Belgium is known to produce diverse literature.